Methanolic Extract and its Dichloromethane Fraction of Monochoria hastata Leaves: Neuropharmacological, Antidiarrheal, Antinociceptive, and Antioxidant Effects
Abstract
Objective: Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms, an aquatic plant traditionally used in folk medicine, was investigated for its pharmacological properties using methanolic extract (ME) and dichloromethane fraction (DCMF) of the leaves.
Material and Methods: Standard assays were used to test for phytochemicals; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) scavenging tests were used to assess the antioxidant activity. The castor oil-induced diarrhea theory was utilized to investigate antidiarrheal effects, the acetic acid-induced writhing test was employed to measure analgesic activity, and the elevated plus maze (EPM) and hole board tests were used to assess anxiolytic potential in mice (200/400 mg/kg dosages).
Results: The ME demonstrated superior DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀: 0.017 μg/mL) compared to DCMF and ascorbic acid, while DCMF exhibited better hydrogen peroxide scavenging (IC₅₀: 111.59 μg/mL). In a castor oil-induced diarrheal model, both extracts showed dose-dependent inhibition, with DCMF (400 mg/kg) achieving 76.47% inhibition. ME also displayed significant analgesic activity, reducing acetic acid-induced writhing by 56.25%, comparable to diclofenac sodium. Anxiolytic potential was confirmed using the hole board and elevated plus maze tests, where DCMF significantly increased open-arm duration and head-dipping behavior.
Conclusion: These results validate the traditional use of M. hastata and suggest its potential as a source of bioactive compounds for the treatment of oxidative stress, pain, diarrhoea, and anxiety-related disorders.
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