Study of Microvascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Special Reference to Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) and Pentosidine Levels
Abstract
Objective:This cross-sectional study aimed to assess and compare the association between the serum levels of Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs), Pentosidine, and microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to explore the potential of AGEs and Pentosidine as predictive biomarkers for the early detection of microvascular complications in T2DM.
Material and Methods: The study involved 149 patients, divided into five groups based on the presence of microvascular complications: non-diabetic volunteers, type II diabetics without microvascular complications and with retinopathy, nephropathy, and peripheral neuropathy. AGEs and Pentosidine levels were measured and compared across these groups.
Results: The results showed statistically significantly higher AGE levels in diabetics (354.5 ng/ml) compared to non-diabetics (193.8 ng/ml) (p-value<0.001), indicating a clear association between AGEs and diabetic status. Additionally, diabetic patients with retinopathy had markedly higher AGE levels (443.6 ng/ml) compared to those without retinopathy (325.7 ng/ml) (p-value<0.001). Pentosidine levels were also elevated in diabetics (793.8 ng/ml) compared to non-diabetics (95.4 ng/ml) (p-value=0.043), with the most significant elevation observed in diabetics with peripheral neuropathy (p-value<0.001). The study found a positive correlation between AGE and the duration of diabetes and also between AGE levels and HbA1c, indicating that inadequate glycaemic control and long-term hyperglycaemia may contribute to AGE accumulation.
Conclusion: The findings emphasize the critical role of AGEs and Pentosidine in the progression of diabetic microvascular complications and conclude that these biomarkers could serve as valuable tools for identifying and monitoring the progression of T2DM complications.
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