The Thai Version of the Updated Perceived Control Over Falling Scale: A Study of Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity in Older Adults
Abstract
Objective: To translate and culturally adapt the Updated Perceived Control Over Falling (UP-COF) into the Thai language and evaluate its psychometric properties among older Thai adults.
Material and Methods: The translation and adaptation process followed Beaton’s guidelines. A prefinal version was tested with 20 older adults, with minor modifications. Test-retest reliability was assessed in a sample of 50 older adults. Concurrent validity, internal consistency, and discriminatory ability between fallers and non-fallers were evaluated in 88 older adults. Reliability was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient ICC (2,1). Concurrent validity was investigated by the Pearson correlation coefficient with the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined the ability to differentiate individuals with and without a history of falls in the past year. Statistical significance was defined as p-value<0.05.
Results: The UP-COF showed good test-retest reliability (ICC (2,1)=0.75) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=0.76). The tool demonstrated a significant negative correlation with the FES-I (r=-0.51, 95% CI [-0.65, -0.34], p-value<0.001), supporting its concurrent validity. ROC analysis yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.66, indicating modest discriminatory ability. A cut-off score of ≤16 out of 20 identified individuals with a history of falls, demonstrating a sensitivity and specificity of 68.18%.
Conclusion: The UP-COF Thai is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing perceived control over falling in Thai older adults, supporting its use in clinical assessment and targeted fall prevention strategies.
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